The overall objective “contribute to the development and implementation of labour migration/human mobility policies that meet international standards in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia”

Evaluates the impact of existing circular migration schemes on the development of migrants’ skills. To the extent possible, it differentiates between “spontaneous” circular migration activities and managed or regulated circular migration schemes.

An online survey was created to obtain fresh knowledge about the opportunities and challenges facing Egyptians seeking employment in Europe and on the expatriate experience more broadly.

This research report reviews the existing integration policies worldwide and their potential
impacts on harnessing the potential for all migrants to contribute their skills to the labour
market and daily life of their destination country.

The focus of the fourth research paper is on the comparative-based analysis of the legislative frameworks of countries of origin and countries of destination (Egypt and the EU) and the degree to which they can contribute to facilitating labour mobility in key European Union member states (Germany and Italy) to which Egyptian youth migrate.

The third and final research paper related to labour markets explores the cooperation frameworks between Egypt, the European Union, and select European countries that shape mobility support schemes for migrant workers.

The paper reviews the structure and objectives of the VET system in Egypt and potential destination countries for Egyptian youth (Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom).

This research paper provides stylized information on the structure of the
labour markets of Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The paper also reviews the skills
demanded within those labour markets before exploring the employment and skills trends
among Egyptian migrants residing in the OECD region.

A significant share of residents are considering migration: one-fifth of Egyptians, one-third of
Moroccans, and one-fourth of Tunisians.

Morocco is a country of immigration and professional emigration mainly to countries.
To this continent, work emigration began in 1909 with the recruitment of workers of the region of Souss-Massa for the Nantes sugar factories in France to know then a significant increase during and after the First and Second World Wars.

In Tunisia, the 2013 IOM Exploratory Study on Trafficking established the existence of
Tunisia of domestic and international trafficking for domestic servitude and forced labour.

Egypt has been a strong drive to migrate to seek job opportunities elsewhere since the 1970s. Most
Egyptian migrants work in Arab countries, followed by European countries, and to a lesser extent, the United States, Canada, and Australia.

Labour Migration is the movement of persons from one State to another, or within their own country of residence, for the purpose of employment.